Tolkin - taxa : show

Nomenclature
Description
Images
Distribution
Specimens
Molecular
Literature
Outlinks

Type Details:

Species:	None
Type Collection:	Marschall von Bieberstein s.n.
Type Date:	None
Type Locality:	Crimea: In Tauriae meridionalis declivibus siccis mari nigro imminentibus.
Type Herbaria:	Type: LE
Neo Type:	None

Synonyms: show/hide

	Euphorbia nitens Trevir., Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 149. 1816.	Synonym
	Euphorbia thyrsiflora Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 143. 1843.	Synonym
	Euphorbia agrorum Willd. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 3: 579. 1850.	Nom illeg
	Euphorbia transsilvanica Schur, Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 124. 1852.	Synonym
	Tithymalus agrarius (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 89. 1860.	Synonym
	Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Pancic, Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sc. 10: 444. 1861.	Synonym
	Euphorbia agraria var. subhastata (Vis. & Pancic) Gris, Cat. Cormophyt. Anthophyt. Serbiae 1877.	Synonym
	Euphorbia agraria var. thyrsiflora (Griseb.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur. 653. 1881.	Synonym
	Euphorbia euboea Halácsy, Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 107. 1904.	Synonym

Subgenus:	Esula
Section:	Esula
Subsection:	Esula
Ingroup Clade:	B
Description:	Perennial herbs, from a strong rootstock. Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched, terete, glabrous, 30-90 cm. Leaves alternate; petiole absent; blade oblong-elliptic, 20-65 x 9-20 mm, conspicuously penninerved, mid-vein prominent, glabrous, base truncate to auriculate, apex obtuse to rounded, margin entire. Cyathia in leafy pleiochasial rays; peduncle absent or short, 0.5-2 mm; terminal rays 8-15, 1-2 times bifurcated; ray-leaves shorter and narrower than the upper stem leaves; subcyathial raylet-leaves free, rhombic to reniform, base obtuse, apex obtuse, mucronate, margin entire; axillary rays 12-23. Involucre campanulate, 2.2-3 x 1.8-2 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.6-1 x 1-2 mm; horns present, slightly divergent to convergent, 0.1-0.2 mm. Staminate flowers 15-20. Pistillate flower: ovary glabrous, styles 1.2-2 mm, bifid. Capsule globose, 3-lobed, cocci rounded, verrucose toward the dorsal line, glabrous, 2-2.8 x 2.2-2.7 mm; columella 2.1-2.7 mm. Seeds ovoid-oblong, 2-2.1 x 1.2-1.3 mm, smooth, gray or whitish; caruncle ± rounded and flattened, 0.8 x 0.6 mm. Flowering and fruiting spring to summer.
Habitat:	Grasslands, roadside banks, pastures; 200--1550 m (information still incomplete, based on FNA only).
Phylogenetic Relationships:	None
Comments:	None
Chromosome Number:	None
Uses:	None
Toxicity:	None
Conservation Status:	Least Concern (IUCN Red List category, 2001).

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Terminal rays of Euphorbia agraria (Berry 7969, MICH)

Photographer: P.E. Berry

Dimensions: 1000 X 869

General Distribution:

DNA Sample(s): 8858

DNA Sample(s)	Sequences

References:

Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G., and Radcliff-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae). The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

IUCN. (2001). IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1., Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Riina, R., Peirson, J.A., Geltman, D.V., Molero, J., Frajman, B., Pahlevani, A., Barres, L., Morawetz, J.J., Salmaki, Y., Kryukov, A., Bruyns, P.V., and Berry, P.E. (2013). A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 62, 316–342.

Smith, A.R., and Tutin, T.G. (1968). "Euphorbia L." In: Flora Europaea 2: 213-226, Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.